Protection Levels of Ballistic Body Armor.
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| Russian, US, German and European Standards
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Most ballistic requirements to bullet proof military and force enforcement vests are set by state standards (for example NIJ). Many organizations including Russian Standard Committee take part in the development of ballistic requirements in Russia .
A threat level of a bullet is determined based on the bullet caliber, type, mass and velocity.
and tentative correlation between them
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BALLISTIC BODY ARMOR LEVELS DEFINED BY RUSSIAN STATE STANDARDS
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| LEVEL |
THREAT |
CARTRIDGE |
CORE TYPE |
MASS (g) |
VELOCITY(m/s) |
| Special |
Cut and thrust weapon |
- |
- |
Impact energy 45-50 J |
| 1 |
Makarov pistol |
9 mm 57-H-181C pistol type |
Steel |
5.9 |
305-325 |
| 'Nagan' revolver |
7.62 mm 57-H-122 revolver type |
Lead |
6.8 |
275-295 |
| 2 |
Small-gage pistol |
5.45 mm 7H7 pistol type |
Steel |
2.5 |
310-335 |
| Tokarev pistol |
7.62 mm 57-H-134C pistol type |
Steel |
5.5 |
415-445 |
| 2a |
Shooting gun 12 caliber |
18.5mm shooting type |
Lead |
35.0 |
390-410 |
| 3 |
Machine-gun AK-74 |
5.45 mm 7H6 |
Steel |
3.5 |
890-910 |
| Machine-gun AKM |
7.62 mm 57-H-231 1943 year type |
Steel |
7.9 |
710-740 |
| 4 |
Machine-gun AK-74 |
5.45 mm 7H10 |
Steel heat-treated |
3.4 |
890-910 |
| 5 |
Sniper rifle |
7.62 mm 57-H-323C rifle type |
Steel |
9.6 |
820-840 |
| Machine-gun AKM |
7.62 mm 57-H-231 |
Steel heat-treated |
7.9 |
710-740 |
| 5a |
Machine-gun AKM |
7.62 mm 57-BZ-231 |
Steel heat-treated |
7.4 |
720-750 |
| 6 |
Sniper rifle |
7.62 mm CT-M2 rifle type |
Steel heat-treated |
9.6 |
820-840 |
| 6a |
Sniper rifle |
7.62 mm 7-BZ-3 rifle type |
Steel heat-treated |
10.4 |
800-835 |
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* The ballistic tests have been carried at the following distance from muzzle to a target :
- 10m for pistol and revolver cartridges
- 25m for machine gun and rifle cartridges
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BALLISTIC BODY ARMOR LEVELS DEFINED BY DIN (GERMANY)
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| LEVEL |
CALIBER |
CARTRIDGE TYPE |
BULLET TYPE |
MASS (g) |
VELOCITY (m/s) |
| L |
9 mm |
Parabellum |
VMR\WK |
8.00 g |
365+/-5 |
| I |
9 mm |
Parabellum |
VMR\WK |
8.00 g |
410 +/- 10 |
| II |
.357 |
Magnum |
MsF |
7.50 g |
570 +/- 20 |
| III |
.223
.308 |
Remington
Winchester |
WK + P
VMS/WK |
4.00 g
9.55 g |
920 +/- 10
830 +/- 10 |
| IV |
.308 |
Winchester |
VMS/HK |
9.75 g |
820 +/- 10 |
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- VMR/WK - full metal jacket bullet and soft core
- MsF - flat nose brass bullet
- WK+P - bullet with soft core and armor-piercing cap
- VMS/WK - solid metal jacket bullet with sharp nose and soft core
- VMS/HK - solid metal jacket bullet with sharp nose and hard core
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BALLISTIC BODY ARMOR LEVELS DEFINED BY NIJ (USA)
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| LEVEL |
SUBLEVEL |
CALIBER |
CARTRIDGE TYPE |
MASS (g) |
MIN. BULLET V. (m/s) |
| II-A |
1
2 |
9 mm
.40 S&W |
FMJ RN
FMJ |
8.0
11.7 |
373
352 |
| II |
1
2 |
9 mm
.357 Magnum |
FMJ RN
JSP |
8.0
10.2 |
398
436 |
| III-A |
1
2 |
.357 SIG
.44 Magnum |
FMJ FN
SJHP |
8.1
15.6 |
448
436 |
| III |
1 |
7.62 mm NATO |
FMJ |
9.6 |
847 |
| IV |
1 |
.30 Cal. M2 |
AP |
10.8 |
878 |
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- AP - armor-piercing
- FMJ - full metal jacket bullet
- FN - flat nose bullet
- JSP - jacket soft point bullet
- RN - round nosed bullet
- SJHP - semi-jacketed hollow point
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BALLISTIC BODY ARMOR LEVELS DEFINED BY COMMITTEE EUROPEAN NORMALIZATION (CEN)
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| LEVEL |
THREAT |
CALIBER |
CARTRIDGE |
MASS (g)1 |
VELOCITY
+/- 10 m/s |
| BR 1 |
rifle |
0.32 |
RN/lead |
2.6 |
360 |
| BR 2 |
pistol |
9 mm Parabellum |
JF2/RN/SC |
8.0 |
400 |
| BR 3 |
pistol |
0.357 Magnum |
JF3/CN/SC |
10.2 |
430 |
| BR 4 |
pistol |
0.44 Magnum |
JF4/FN/SC |
15.6 |
440 |
| BR 5 |
rifle |
5.56 x 45 |
JF4/PB/SCP |
4.0 |
950 |
| BR 6 |
rifle |
7.62 x 51 |
JF2/PB/SC |
9.5 |
830 |
| BR 7 |
rifle |
7.62 x 51 |
JF2/PB/HC |
9.8 |
820 |
| SG 1 |
short-length gun |
12/70 |
full lead jacket5 |
31.0 |
420 |
| SG 2 |
short-length gun |
12/70 |
full lead jacket5 |
31.0 |
420 |
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- RN - round nosed
- FN - flat nosed
- CN - conical bullet
- SC - soft lead core
- SCP - soft lead core and steel armor-piercing nose (type SS109)
- PB - pointed bullet
- HC - hard steel core, mass1 = 3.8 g, rigidity is above 63 HRC (accordind to Rockwell)
- FJ - full jacketed
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1 -rated value,
clearance +/-0.1 g
2 -full metal jacket (tombac alloy galvanostery)
3 -full metal jacket
4 -full tompac alloy jacket
5 -brennex
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BALLISTIC BODY ARMOR LEVELS DEFINED BY STANAG (STANAG 4569)
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| LEVEL |
KE-THREAT |
ARTILLERY |
| I |
Rifles
7.62x51 NATO Ball
Distance:30m
Velocity:833m/s
Angle:azimuth 360°. Elev. 0°-30° |
20mm FSP
Velocity:400m/s
Angle:azimuth 360°. Elev. 0°-11°
simulated range or burst 150m |
Rifles
5.56x45 NATO SS109
Distance:30m
Velocity:937m/s
Angle:azimuth 360°. Elev. 0°-30° |
| II |
Infanty Rifles
7.62x51 AP P80
Distance:30m
Velocity:833m/s
Angle:azimuth 360°. Elev. 0°-30° |
20mm FSP
Velocity:600m/s
Angle:azimuth 360°. Elev. 0°-15°
simulated range or burst 120m |
| III |
Sniper rifles
7.62x51 AP (WC) (7.62 Dragunov B32)
Distance:30m
Velocity:930m/s
Angle:azimuth 360°. Elev. 0°-30° |
20mm FSP
Velocity:680m/s
Angle:azimuth 360°. Elev. 0°-20°
simulated range or burst 90m |
| IV |
Heavy machine Gun
14.5x114 AP / B32
Distance:200m
Velocity:911m/s
Angle:azimuth 360°. Elev. 0° |
20mm FSP
Velocity:1000m/s
Angle:azimuth 360°. Elev. 0°-90°
simulated range or burst 25m |
| V |
Automatic Cannon
25mm APDS-TM-791 or TLB 073
Distance:500m
Velocity:1254.5m/s
Angle:azimuth -frontal arc to centerfine ±30°.Elev.0° |
20mm FSP
Velocity:1200m/s
Angle:azimuth 360°. Elev. 0°-90°
simulated range or burst 10m |
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Tentative correlation between ballistic body armor levels defined by Russian Standards, USA standards, Germany Standards and Committee European Normalization
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| RUSSIA |
USA |
GERMANY |
CEN |
| 1 |
- |
L |
BR1 |
| 2 |
II - IIIA |
I |
BR2, BR3 |
| 2a |
- |
II |
SG1, SG2 |
| 3 |
- |
II |
BR4 |
| 4 |
III |
III |
BR5 |
| 5 |
- |
- |
BR6 |
| 6 |
IV |
IV |
BR7 |
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mv@npo-sm.ru
Special Materials Ltd.
B.Sampsonievski, 28A,
St.Petersburg,
194044,Russia
Phone: +7(812)248-85-68 Fax: +7(812)542-75-58
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